Name:
The name Yanomami means human-being in the yanomami language. In the tribe when an infant is born the father goes on a hunt for a name for the child. To do this the father uses either the name of the first species he kills or the name of a body part of the animal he kills. Names could be things such as, Paw of wolf or Eye of Monkey. The tribe must use this way of naming their children because once they die the name can no longer be used. The tribe also will not use their names publicly, but instead replaced with things like brother or leader.
Home to the Yanomami: Origin and Use of a Yanomami's Name. www1.broward.edu/~hsorkin/Lib-Arts/Projects/Fall2002/Hottinger/culture.html 'Yanomami' means 'Human Being'
Population:
The population of the Yanomami tribe consists of 24,000 people. There are 15,000 tribe members that live in Venezuela and 9,000 members that live in Brazil. There population is usually spread out among 350 villages across their territory that they own. Their population is separated into four different subdivisions named the Sanema, Ninam, Yanomam, and the Yanomamo. The Sanema live in the northern Sector, Ninam live in the Southeastern sector, the Yanomam that live in the southeastern part, and the Yanomamo live in the southwestern part. These four parts make up the Yanomami tribe and its population.
Yanomami Indians of Brazil: Crystal Inks. wwwcrystalinks.com/yanomami.html.
Geographic Location:
There are around 24,000 Yanomami tribe members that all live in South America. 15,000 of the tribe members live in Venezuela, while the other 9,000 live in Brazil. The size of the territory they live on can be compared to the size of Austria. They have been around for 50,000 years, when the first people arrived in South America. The tribe lives in villages scattered around South America. They change their place of living every 3-4 years say they can find new land to plant gardens.
The Yanomami. Indigenous People of The World: www.gymmuenchenstein.ch/stalder/klassen/hie/indigenous/cont.htm. 2005.
Their technology is extremely basic, utilizing
poles and vine bridges; their tools are created from the natural resources that
are available in their environments. Very self dependent on acquiring their own
supplies. They make their own bowstaves, pots and even have their own fire
drills made from cocoa tree wood and two-piece gadgets. http://www.crystalinks.com/yanomami.html
Media Framing allows us to view cultures and groups of
people into greater depth. Today, media has given us insight into what’s going
on in other countries, what other people are experiencing, and how interpret
things we see every day. The Yanomami people have experienced devastation;
their land has been invaded, their gold taken, and migrators have brought over
diseases that have killed many of their people.Media has heightened our awareness of such events and how the Yanomami
feel about them. In interviewssuch as
‘Our Land is Our Heritage’ we get a personal testimony of the Yanomami people.
By gaining the trust of the Yanomami people and getting close to them, we can
also gain insight on the differences between cultures. In ‘The Laughing
Alligator’a man by the name of Juan Downey lives and experiences the Yanomami
people. He’s able to get close and personal and find out things about the group
of people that most people would never think of. Media makes us knowledgeable
ofother people and cultures in the
world.
For the Yanomami people, their means of subsistence would be a combination of hunting, fishing, and agriculture. The hunting is normally done by the men, while the fishing is done by both the men and women. For agriculture, the Yanomami people use the slash and burn method for clearing the land. The men normally participate in the initial work - the chopping down and the clearing, and the women seal with the maintenence work such as planting, tending to the crops, and weeding.
The language of the Yanomami people has several names but is typically called Yanomaman. It's thought to be part of the Carib and Arawak language families. The Yanomami people practice their language orally because they don't have a written language. Their language consists of less words than ours, but their working vocabulary is massive compared to ours because they must store all their words into memory. They also have formal and informal dialects.Wayamo, the formal dialect is only spoken by the men and at special events, while the informal dialect is spoken at every other time. Storytelling is a huge part of their culture and language because they only communicate verbally. Storytelling is seen as art and entertainment.
Globalization when dealing with the Yanomami is like many of the stories we hear about involving other indigenous groups and globalization. The Yanomami lived on an extremely rich, nourished land. They lived off the land, eating and drinking what was provided by their environment. They ate game from the forest, fish from the waters, and bananas were also a large part of their diets. In addition to the food which was provided by the land, gold was had been discovered by the late 1900s. Just as the Europeans began to inhabit the "New World" once they came across its riches, the Brazilians began to take over the land of the Yanomami. With the Brazilians came disease and unpleasant conditions for the indigenous group. AIDS and tuberculosis were among the many diseases brought over. Many of the Yanomami were killed off because they had never been exposed to such conditions. Because of the Brazilians' hunger for gold, they invaded the land of the Yanomami and began mining the gold. The not well kept mining sites allowed for the pollution of mercury in the Yanomami's environment. Their water was poisoned, which in turned poisoned their food, causing the death of many of their people. Globalization could be said to have had a negative affect of the indigenous group due to the exposure of harmful things that come along with change.
Birx, H. James. "Yanomamo." Encyclopedia of Anthropology. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 2006. 2347-351. Print.
Hames, Raymond. "South America." Encyclopedia of World Cultures. Vol. 7. New York: Macmillan Reference, 1996. 374-77. Print.
Ricciardi, Mirella. Vanishing Amazon. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1991. Print.
The women are responsible for domestic duties and chores,
works in gardens to get vegetables and fruits. The men are obliged to hunt and
take part of the manual labor. Women are regarded higher in this culture
because they provide for the males and when it comes to giving birth to
children the male is in great debt to the family of the wife. The debt is
continued to be paid until the parents of the bride die.
Also polygamy is extremely common in the culture and the woman accept the fact and the eldest wife ofthe group is seen as superior compared to the other wives and does not partake in sexual activities.
The Yanomami are an indigenous group of about 20,000 people that dwell in approximately 200-250 villages in the Amazon Rainforest between Venezuela and Brazil. The villages consist of families and extended families and can range from 40 people to almost 400 villagers. The entire village lives in the same building called a "shabono". The Yanomami depend on the rainforest for survival and gather fruit, fish, and hunt animals in order to survive. To avoid completely decimating one area, they continuously move. The families are patriarchal and the children stay at home with the women. The men gather food, keep the village safe, and provide for the group while the women harvest crops to eat and perform household duties.
Rituals are a very important to the Yanomami and many hallucinogenic drugs are taken, despite women not being allowed to participate in the drugs. The origin of their language is unknown and there are many dialects of the language which make communication with other groups very difficult. The Yanomami have been associated with violence to other groups and themselves. There are many examples of the Yanomami having brutal fights which sometimes end in death. This video Professor Villamar showed us in class perfectly illustrates the violence of the Yanomami.
Yanomami YOPO Snuff, electronic document, http://www.shamanic-extracts.com/xcart/shamanic-products/yanomami-yopo-snuff.html, date accessed 25 March 2013.
The Ax Fight, electronic document, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nnQqxDTA04Y, date accessed 21 March 2013.
Yanomami, electronic document,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanomami, date accessed 20 March 2013.
As the world becomes more and more industrialized, remote locations that were previously untouched, are now being researched to see what valuable material could be harbored beneath the surface of the earth. The Yanomami have had their land invaded, most recently, by illegal gold miners. These diseased-ridden miners are infecting the Yanomami population causing many deaths and illnesses. Along with the threat of the miners, cattle ranchers are now infringing on their territory. They are cutting down their forests and slowly creeping into their land.
The Yanomami had been left alone from civilization, for the most part, and have never been faced with adversity like this. Since the indigenous group has a lack of medical supplies, and rely on older and more primitive methods, they are having trouble fighting these illnesses.
The Yanomami kinship is base in the Iroquois system of kinship terminology. This system distinguishes between gender, generation and between parental siblings of opposite sexes. Parental siblings of the same sex are considered blood relatives; however, parental siblings of different sexes are labeled "aunt" or "uncle." For example, one's mother's sister is also called a mother and one's mother's brother is called a father-in-law. By tracing the family kinship through the males further reinforces how the Yanomami consider males more important that women. Leadership positions determine the relationships among other villages and are a large result of marriage patterns. Children stay close to their mothers as they are young. This makes sense since almost all of the child rearing is done by the women. The families of the Yanomami consist of large patrifocal (father focused) units based on one man, and numerous smaller matrifocal (mother focused) subfamilies. These subunits consist of each wife and her children.
Familypedia: Iroquois kinship. Electronic document, http://familypedia.wikia.com/wiki/Iroquois_kinship, accessed 12 March 2013.
Yanomami: Indians of Brazil. Electronic document, http://www.crystalinks.com/yanomami.html, accessed 12 March 2013.
Home to the Yanomami. Electronic document, http://www1.broward.edu/~hsorkin/Lib-Arts/Projects/Fall2002/Hottinger/culture.html, accessed 12 March 2013.
In the Yanomami society, marriage is not the same two person, eternal commitment we traditionally think of. The Yanomami practice polygamy, where one man has multiple wives. They do not hold or celebrate individual marriage ceremonies. Young girls can be promised to men as young as five years old; however, girls can not be officially "wed" to the men until, their first menstrual cycle. After a young girls first cycle, she is literally handed off to an older man, usually a family relative. "Cross-cousin marriages, which are marriages between the girl
and the son of a maternal uncle or paternal aunt, are the most common
form of marriage." Inter-tribal marriages are so common to reduce violent breakouts between different tribes. The new "wife" will take over the chores and duties of her spouse. Domestic violence is quite common among the Yanomami culture. If a woman cannot stand to live with her husband any longer, she may flee and live with her brothers. The elder wife in the "marriage" reins supreme over the other wives, and sexual relations with the husband typically stop. To reduce jealousy between the wives, the husband is not supposed to show favoritism.
Yanomami: Indians of Brazil. Electronic document, http://www.crystalinks.com/yanomami.html, accessed 12 March 2013.
The Yanomami people have a long history of being violent towards others and each other. The well known anthropologist, Napolean Chagnon, described the Yanomami as "living in a state of chronic warfare." Although Chagnon is a respected anthropologist, this previous comment sparked controversy in the anthropologist community. People disputed the severity of the violence, or if this way of life was an inherent part of their culture. Anthropologist Jacques Lizot stated that although the Yanomami are warriors, violence was purely sporadic and did not dominate their lives. However, this is only one opinion. Other reports say that intraspecific violence was the leading death among their culture. Resources were often the main cause of the conflict the Yanomami experienced with their neighboring tribes. When confrontations broke out within the Yanomami, women often received physical abuse and the brunt of the anger. It was common for women to be beaten in order to keep them docile and faithful for their men. Men would even go so far as to brand their women to show dominance. While raiding enemy villages, Yanomami men often killed children. 9 March 2012. Yanomami. Electronic Document, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanomami, accessed 12 March 2013.
Malik, Kenan. 4 March 2013. From the Vaults: Darkness in Anthropology. Electronic document, http://kenanmalik.wordpress.com/2013/03/04/from-the-valuts-darkness-in-anthropology/, accessed 12 March 2013.
Many times, the warring the Yanomami partake in involves the capturing of women so that their best warriors have the best reproductive opportunities. The Yanomami tend to keep their tribes under 150 people; however, during times of war, the villages will not split and they will let their populations reach up to 300 people. Statistics show that close to 40% of the adult males have killed another person and that an estimated 25% of the adult males will die from some form of violence. Violence between the Yanomami vary from chest pounding, club fights and raids, and warfare.
Yanomami: Indians of Brazil. Electronic document, http://www.crystalinks.com/yanomami.html, accessed 12 March 2013.
Mission: The iCross-Cultural Citizen Project is a cultural anthropology course-based project meant to raise critical consciousness about the rich cultural diversity in our indigenous world (in our planet). Being totally aware of the limitations of being outsiders, we are a group of multidisciplinary undergraduate students who believe in cross-cultural sensitivity and participatory agency aimed at disseminating information about indigenous realities as accurately as possible. Vision: The iCross-Cultural Citizen Project’s vision is to create an online cross-cultural space for students, professionals, and youth to learn and exchange cross-culturally sensitive information about contemporary indigenous experiences. From that outsider student’s perspective, we will try to theoretically explore possible collaborative solutions to problems that affect the indigenous populations of our planet. Finally, we hope for the future creation of a space where indigenous youth can share their experiences and their realities with us for real mutual collaboration to take place. Values: - We value the maximization of benefits to indigenous peoples and vulnerable populations in the world. - We value the respect for persons all over the world. - We value the equal treatment of people, and we are against the exploitation of vulnerable groups around the world. - We value collaborative cross-cultural learning and critical thinking.
